All Quiet on the western front :: essays research papers

All Quiet on the Western Front is narrated by capital of Minnesota Baumer. He is a young man of nineteen who fights in the German army on the French front in World contend I. Unlike most during that time period, Paul and several of his friends and classmates from school joined the army voluntarily. They joined aft(prenominal) listening to nationalistic speeches told to them by their schoolmaster, KantorekBut after experiencing ten weeks of atrocious basic training at the hands of the small-minded, vindictive Corporal Himmelstoss and the inconceivable cruelty of life on the front lines. Paul and his comrades actualise that the ideals that made them enlist are merely empty clichs. They no longer believe that war is magnificent or respectable, and they live in unceasing corporal terror that each day that goes may be their last. When Pauls company receives a short reprieve after two weeks of fighting at the front lines, only eighty workforce of the original 150-man company return f rom the front. The cook , Ginger, doesnt want to give the survivors the rations that were meant for the dead men He insists that he is only allowed to distribute single rations and that the dead soldiers rations will simply have to go to waste but eventually gives in. Paul and his friends visit Franz Kemmerich, a agent classmate who has recently had a leg removed after contracting gangrene. Kemmerich is in the process of dying, and Mller, another former classmate, wants Kemmerichs yellow boots for himself. Paul doesnt consider Mller insensitive because like the other soldiers, Mller simply realizes sensibly that Kemmerich is no longer in need of his boots. Not very long after this meeting, Paul returns to Kemmerichs bedside just as he is about to die. At Kemmerichs request, Paul takes his boots to Mller. Twenty-five younger men arrive as reinforcements. Paul believes Kat is the most resourceful soldier he knows, always able to scrounge up food. The men learn Himmelstoss is plan o f attack up to the front. Tjaden especially hates the Corporal because of his cruel punishment for Tjadens bed-wetting problem. For vengeance, Paul and his friends ambushed and beat Himmelstoss before they left for the front. The soldiers are sent to put up barbed telegram at the front. At night, during an artillery bombardment, the soldier dive for cover. The men set up the wire. Soon the artillery attacks them. Several men are hit, as vigorous as horses.

Minority Report: The Book vs the Movie Essay example -- compare/contr

It is a fool-proof administration born to ensure absolute safetybut when it crumbles, would you go against everything it stands for just to save it? This is the platform that Philip K. Dick, author of the sci-fi short story The Minority Report (MR), has given us. Set in a futuristic New York City, we mark off Police Commissioner John A. Anderton as the founder of a promising new branch of policing Precrime, a system that uses Precogs (mutated and retarded oracles) to predict all future crimes. However, the system appears to backfire when Anderton himself is accused to kill a man hes never even heard of. The movie adaptation by the same name also centers on a younger Chief Anderton, a respected employee of Precrime, predicted to murder a complete stranger who he was unaware existed. Amidst scandal, betrayal, and distrust, both Andertons must run from the umpire system theyve worked so hard to put in place, and admit to themselves, as well as to society, that a perfect system canno t be born of debile humans. Though the basis of the films plot and major contravene stayed true to the storys, many changes were made to the personalities and roles of the characters, as well as the nature and detail of the of import conflict and the sub-conflicts.Dick presents our main character, Commissioner John Anderton, as the balding, pot-bellied founder of a revolutionary new crime detection system whos been showing his years for longer than hed grapple to remember. In the short story, he has just acquired a new assistant, Ed Witwer, and fears being replaced by the younger man. In the beginning, Anderton is portrayed as slightly risky about his job (to the point of near paranoia of being set-up), as well as his importance to society, though by the e... ...d. While in MR, Anderton is trying to stand the inevitability of retiring and what may be his less useful future, in the movie, much of his struggle is with his past, and the guilt he feels. His conflicts still revolv e around evading Witwer and Lamar, whether to murder to prevent murder, and his own inner turmoil. Though the similarities in the most obvious conflicts, those between Anderton and Kaplan, the protagonist and antagonist, and fate remain intact, it is obvious that Philip Dicks story has been expanded upon and the main characters made to fit the big screen. Both stories, however, address the contradictions and repercussions of trying to encourage free will and safety in an ultimately predetermined setting, the grassroots moral conflict of destroying what is meant to represent a utopian security, as well as the issue of trading freedom for protection.

Media and Fear of Crime Essay -- Media TV Crime Television Essays

The mussiness media is a vehicle for delivering information and to entertain. But implications that the media do more harm than good concerning its practices and its effects on the public. The two main categories of draw media are print media and electronic media. Although they overlap in some areas, they differ mostly in the subject matter they cover and in their delivery methods. interrogation had been conducted in using both these forms to gauge the impact that each one has on the public. Print media plays to be more factual based whereas electronic media tend to focus more on visual aids to help relay the information. The publics fear of crime has an impact on the public order of business of policy makers. Fear of crime not only affects individual but may also have an impact on the laws that affect crime stamp d declare and prevention.One might turn on any evening news broadcast these days and be bombarded with images of war, violence and stories of unsuspecting citizens v ictimized in their own communities. Is crime on the increase or is it just media hype? There are countless television shows with plots dedicated to the depiction of criminal activities fouled by law enforcement agencies with the helping hand of the law. Newspaper headlines scream out daily in bold print and action photos of the latest tragedies. Should the public be solemn of what the television conveys to us, be cautious of whatever new crime wave is presented on the media? These questions may lead one to wonder if the depiction of crime in the mass media affects the publics perception of safety and danger in society. Mass media refers to media that are easily, inexpensively, and simultaneously accessible to large segments of a population (Surette, 10). Although the mass media are only one of the sources from which citizens attain knowledge of crime and justice, it is by far the most influential. According to one study, the mass media are credited with providing 95 percent of the information the public receives about crime (Surette, 10). With these statistics, it seems that the fear of crime is indeed constructed through the media. In March 1994, the Times Mirror Center for the mountain and the Press conducted a poll that measured the publics fear of crime. Fifty percent of the respondents said they feared that they would be the victims of crime, up from 36 percent in 1988 (Krajicek, 23). There are t... ...it is the advent of television media that have sparked debate over the integrity of reliable news making. Print media was factual, although sometimes sensational, while electronic media make use of the technologies, such as videotapes and live footage to enhance and exaggerate the drama of the event even further. Many research studies have been conducted to show the effects of the media coverage on crime and how it influences the publics of fear of crime. Mass media has perpetuated a notion that crime is on the increase by portraying events and tragedie s in the headlines that are sensational. The public buys into that idea, scorn statistical accounts that reflect stable or low crime rates. The more stories people read and watch about crime, the more likely they are to work out that crime is out of control. Politicians may then enact legal reforms to sooth the publics outcry for crime control and prevention. As easy as it may be to hold the media accountable for barraging us with images and ideas that affect our views and beliefs, it important that the public take responsibility for the information that we consume. After all, there is always the off clit on the remote control.

Lead And The Environment :: essays research papers

Lead and The EnvironmentSome materials are so commonplace that we take them for granted. One ofthose materials is a grayish coat that has been with us for thousands of years.That metal is whiz, still one of the worlds most useful substances, and onethat never ceases to find a role in human society.Lead has the atomic symbol of Pb (for plumbum, lead in Latin). Theatomic number for lead is 82 and the atomic mass is 207.19 AMU. It melts atabout 327.502 oC and boils at 1740 oC. Lead is a heavy, ductile, soft, graysolid. It is soluble in nitric acid and insoluble in water. It is assemble in North,Central and South America, Australia, Africa and Europe. In modern time, leadhas found a wide range of uses, and world demand for lead and its products hassteadily increased. Leads usefulness stems from the metals many desirableproperties softness, high density, low melting point, ability to wadradiation, resistance to corrosion, readiness to form alloys and chemicalcompounds, and ease of recycling. Its versatility, as well as its physical andchemical properties, accounted for its extensive use. Lead can be turn over intosheets which can be made into rods and pipes. It can also be molded intocontainers and mixed with other metallic elements.Lead was used in ancient times for making coinage, art objects and waterpipes. One of the first known toxic substances, lead was used by the Romans forlining aqueducts and in glazes on containers used for solid food and wine storage andit is suspected to have resulted in widespread lead poisoning. Members of thefamous Franklin Expedition to the Northwest Passage in the mid-1840s met asimilar fate, world poisoned from lead in solder, widely used at the time toseal tins used to store foods. Until recently, one of the most significant useswas an anti-knock additive in gasoline. In the 1970s and 1980s, steps were takento reduce the use of leaded gas. By 1990, these actions had virtually eliminatedthe use of lead in gasoline. Lead is also one of the outdo and earliest examplesof recycling about 55 percent of the lead used in Canada comes from recycledmaterial.One particular category of toxic tort is injury caused by exposure tolead-based paint. The hazards of lead-based paint have been known since theearly 1900s, when the use of lead in the manufacture of paint was banned inAustralia. The lead mining and lead pigment industries in the United States wereable, however, to forestall the banning the use of lead in the manufacture of

Concert Essay -- essays research papers

CONCERT REPORT 2Beatles Z320For my second concert report I thought that I would write about my only experience audience phone calls of the Beatles live. The Rib America Festival was hosted by The Beatles Live Repertoire. The group dressed exactly give care the Beatles, even had the same names, John, capital of Minnesota, George, and Ringo. I had never heard either Beatles songs live out front, so that was enough to get me off my butt. Not to mention, it was free entertainment, not a bad time at all.So the show starts, and Im not sure what to expect. Paul comes out and introduces the band, ( very good English accent ) and then started out with I want to hold your get through . He mentioned that their songs would for the most part go in chronological order. And after comparing notes to my book, they were on track for the most part. All of the songs played before their break, were songs on albums released before Sgt. Peppers Lonely Heart Club Band. I wasnt impressed with this son g, however. No, it isnt my favorite song, but I just wasnt impressed by the playing of the song. The song, the beat, fewthing was dead about the song, hard to put my finger on it. The next song was Please, Please me. And I had never heard this song before that night, and I liked the song a lot. Then after hearing it in class, I remembered hearing it for the first time, good song. Hard Days night was their next song. And much like the first song, I do like this song, but the band didnt do justice for the song. But this was the last song that I remembered not really liking. The rest of the songs I recall liking very much for one reason or another. The band must save just needed to warm up a little.So, now that the band had warmed up, messed up a few good songs, but at to the lowest degree they didnt start out with my favorite songs, they were ready. Their next song was Eight Days a Week. I like this song. I just like the beat and how the lyrics go along with it. I dont know if tha t is a legitimate reason to like a song, but its mine. They asked for some audience participation during this song. They wanted to us to clap with the instrument break when he sings, Hold me Love me The audience was very participative. It seemed like the audience was having a really good t... ... am assuming that he grew up around Penny Lane. Now an interesting thing about the next song strawberry Fields Forever, was that Paul mentioned that John(Lennon ) had never performed this song live. Now, this was hard to believe, but I think that these dudes know that they are talking about, so I feign he didnt. Nowhere man, Day Tripper, and Imagine were to follow Strawberry Fields Forever. Nowhere Man was written by Paul about Ringo according to Paul. Imagine was performed very well, and just a cool song all around. Good song to hear live. I knew it was displace towards the end of the show, and I hadnt heard the song that I really wanted hear Revolution. It was about a quarter till, and still no Revolution. Back in the USSR, Come Together, and OB-LA-DI, OB-LA-DA, were their final songs. I was mad, but still a very good show, and I was glad that I went. The crown wasnt satisfied enough, and chanted for more. They finally gave in like I knew they would, and what do you think that they busted out with, oh yeah, Revolution. A holy ending to a good time.

Concert Essay -- essays research papers

CONCERT REPORT 2Beatles Z320For my second concert report I sentiment that I would write about my only experience try outing poesys of the Beatles live. The Rib America Festival was hosted by The Beatles Live Repertoire. The group dressed exactly homogeneous the Beatles, even had the same names, John, Paul, George, and Ringo. I had never heard any Beatles numberss live before, so that was enough to get me off my butt. Not to mention, it was free entertainment, not a bad time at all.So the show starts, and Im not sure what to expect. Paul comes out and introduces the lot, ( very good English show ) and then started out with I want to hold your hand . He mentioned that their songs would for the most part go in chronological order. And after comparing notes to my book, they were on track for the most part. All of the songs played before their break, were songs on albums released before Sgt. Peppers Lonely Heart Club Band. I wasnt impressed with this song, however. No, it isnt my deary song, but I just wasnt impressed by the playing of the song. The song, the beat, something was dead about the song, hard to put my finger on it. The next song was Please, Please me. And I had never heard this song before that night, and I liked the song a lot. Then after hearing it in class, I remembered hearing it for the first time, good song. Hard Days night was their next song. And untold like the first song, I do like this song, but the band didnt do justice for the song. But this was the last song that I remembered not really liking. The rest of the songs I recall liking very much for one reason or another. The band must have just needed to warm up a little.So, now that the band had warmed up, messed up a few good songs, but at least they didnt start out with my favorite songs, they were ready. Their next song was Eight Days a Week. I like this song. I just like the beat and how the lyrics go along with it. I dont know if that is a legitimatize reason to like a song, but its mine. They asked for some audience participation during this song. They wanted to us to clap with the instrument break when he sings, hairgrip me Love me The audience was very participative. It seemed like the audience was having a really good t... ... am assuming that he grew up around Penny Lane. instanter an interesting thing about the next song Strawberry field Forever, was that Paul mentioned that John(Lennon ) had never performed this song live. Now, this was hard to believe, but I hypothesise that these dudes know that they are talking about, so I guess he didnt. Nowhere man, Day Tripper, and Imagine were to follow Strawberry Fields Forever. Nowhere Man was written by Paul about Ringo according to Paul. Imagine was performed very well, and just a cool song all around. Good song to hear live. I knew it was drawing towards the end of the show, and I hadnt heard the song that I really wanted hear Revolution. It was about a quarter till, and chill out no Revolutio n. Back in the USSR, Come Together, and OB-LA-DI, OB-LA-DA, were their final songs. I was mad, but still a very good show, and I was glad that I went. The crown wasnt satisfied enough, and chanted for more. They finally gave in like I knew they would, and what do you think that they busted out with, oh yeah, Revolution. A perfect ending to a good time.

Experiment 14: Determination of an Equilibrium Constant

J Experiment 14 aim of an Equilibrium Constant Objectives To study the chemical reaction of Fe3+ and SCN- to produce Fe(SCN)2+ in aqueous root word. To measure concentrations of ions in solution using a spectrophotometer. To determine the equaliser constant of this reaction at a given temperature. Procedure voice 1 Calibration Curve victimisation Standard Solutions (Done with a group) 1. Obtain seven clean 150 mL beakers, one beaker per person. 2. Prepare solutions A-1 to A-7 in separately beaker, each person preparing one solution. 3.Once all the solutions are prepared, set the wavelength of the spectrophotometer to 450nm. 4. Obtain a cuvette and fill it about half way with solution A-1, the blank sample. tuck the cuvette carefully, as to not get any fingerprints on the sides, into the spectrophotometer and zero the instrument. This will be the only time the spectrophotometer needs to be zeroed. 5. Pour out solution A-1, rinse the cuvette twice with A-2, and record the absor bance for A-2. Do this for the subsequent solutions. 6. Plot the data, absorbance versus concentration.This will be the calibration curve used for Part 2. Part 2 Solutions to govern the Equilibrium Constant, K 1. Obtain 5 clean 50 mL beakers and prepare solutions B-1 to B-5. 2. Follow steps 3-5 from Part 1, using B-1 as the new blank. 3. Using the calibration curve from Part 1, determine the equilibrium concentration of Fe(SCN) 2+ from the absorbance measured for B-1 to B-5. Data Tables Part 1 Solutions for Calibration Curve Solution 0. 200M Fe(NO3) 3 0. 00200M KSCN 0. 1M HNO3 Fe(SCN) 2+ Absorption A-1 25. 0 mL 0. 00 mL 75. mL 0 M 0. 000 A-2 25. 0 mL 1. 00 mL 74. 0 mL 2 x 10-5 M 0. 097 A-3 25. 0 mL 2. 00 mL 73. 0 mL 4 x 10-5 M 0. 160 A-4 25. 0 mL 4. 00 mL 71. 0 mL 8 x 10-5 M 0. 335 A-5 25. 0 mL 6. 00 mL 69. 0 mL 1. 2 x 10-4 M 0. 532 A-6 25. 0 mL 8. 00 mL 67. 0 mL 1. 6 x 10-4 M 0. 684 A-7 25. 0 mL 10. 00 mL 65. 0 mL 2. 0 x 10-4 M 0. 843 Part 2 Solutions for the Determination of the Equilibrium Constant Solution 0. 200M Fe(NO3) 3 0. 00200M KSCN 0. 1M HNO3 Absorption Measured Fe(SCN) 2+ From Calibration Curve B-1 5. mL 1. 00 mL 5. 00 mL 0. 113 2. 67 x 10-5 M B-2 5. 0 mL 2. 00 mL 4. 00 mL 0. 260 6. 06 x 10-5 M B-3 5. 0 mL 3. 00 mL 3. 00 mL 0. 397 9. 28 x 10-5 M B-4 5. 0 mL 4. 00 mL 2. 00 mL 0. 521 1. 22 x 10-4 M B-5 5. 0 mL 5. 00 mL 1. 00 mL 0. 614 1. 44 x 10-4 M Questions 1. a. If K 1 then the equilibrium will lie to the right, favoring the products. At equilibrium there will be very little reactant and mostly product present. b. If K

Women in the Military

Gender discrimination is a paradigm that has affected the role of wo hands in the inn depicting her as a minority contributor. Although the number of wo manpower in the array continuously increases this mishap is predominantly depicted because wowork force are non allowed to engage in most scrap duties as their counterpart male partners in most countries for example Germany, Spain and Italy. This gain ground stimulates the physical and mental characteristics of men and women which argue against the support of women in the battle compass.Women are perceived to be weaker than men because of their body structure which contains less dense skeletal systems thus have a higher chance of fracturing or breaking their body parts. It is also argued that womens bodies cannot handle the g- disembowels that are part and parcel of combat pilots thereof, less regarded in the airmanship unit. Moreover, women are perceived as more prone to health risks than men thus highly vulner adequate.A fact the wedge shape departments relies on to deny women career opportunities in this field (Adeboyejo 7-15). Women are also considered as psychologically incompetent because men lack the confidence of women performing similar duties as them thus mistrusts them. Men are credibly to develop sexual relationship with the women thus affecting their performances. This also leads to unwanted pregnancies which incapacitates the role of the women.Furthermore, women are more likely to be captured by contend enemies to be later subjected to dehumanizing acts such as sexual harassment and torture. Cultural practices and beliefs also perpetuate gender discrimination in military as these practices do not allow women to perform military tasks which are regarded as mens role. Women who engage in this practice are considered as sexually promiscuous and therefore alienated from the community. Therefore, women are forced to prove their competence more than men to counter these allegations (Silva 937-960).This report selects at sharing the views and experiences of women in the military to enable the edict to broaden its perspective and knowledge in an try of dispelling this paradigm and break the situation for other younger women who desire to purse military as their career. tarradiddle of Women in US Military The role of women in the US military was highly emphasized from the early 1900s though gender discrepancy took the toll of their activities and they were not allowed to engage in many tasks that military men were involved in. For instance in 1917 women were recruited as military nurses and doctors to tend to the injured men.Between 1940 and 1943 women were allowed to volunteer their service into the military forces where military curriculum was prevailed to their vicinity. However, they were given small ranks and duties such as organism auxiliary corps and administrative officers duration the men were their bosses. In the mid-nineties women were allowed to involv e themselves with combat roles though were not accorded the opportunity to participate in the front lines. They were given small menial tasks such as carrying heavy war equipments and weapons to the front lines (Baker 12-238).Lately the role of women in the military have been further defined as a small percentage engages in the combat duties, submarine operations and aviation duties such as military pilots as bans that restricted women from flying aviation planes and ships have been lifted, for instance approximately 170,000 military women are among the US forces deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan (Baker 205). However, they still have to concentrate on proving their competence to the men and the handed-down society (Baker 183-227). Hardships that Women in the Military fountainCivilization has not only eradicated this phenomenon as the appointment of officers is still not fairly done because women are treated as the minority which favors the men availing more appointment vacancies t o them. Also the pickax criteria for women is higher in comparison to that of men as conducted research depicts women in this field to be more learned than men. Therefore, women need to prove their confidence as there are very limited slots for their enrollment into the combat unit for instance in America approximately 15% of the women in the military force are allowed to serve in the combat unit (Mitchell 176).Women also still have to face sexual abuse and molestation from their counter parts while conducting their tasks. On the contrary this unjustly actions go unpunished as women who report such incidents are perceived as weak and thus cannot handle ram and danger (Onesto para2-5). On the other hand the life of military women who report the incidents are made miserable while in the force by men who would go to extents of killing those women as a teaching guide to others to keep their mouths shut. For example Spc. Kamisha who was murdered in cold blood by her assaulter who she h ad previously reported three times (Creveld 85).Clearly these complaints in most occasions fall on deaf ears thus perpetuating the criminal offense. For instance in reference point to the above case, Spc. Kamisha had reported her assaulter three times with no stern action being taken against him. This increases the vigor of women as they attempt to overcome this predicament and shun it while trying to prosper in the military field. Military women are also commanding for respect and recognition of their rights from the male counterparts, the society and handed-down beliefs (Creveld 82-98).It is also quite evident that men in the military receive recognition and acknowledgment for their efforts and success unlike women who have to fight for this provision by demanding popularity in the force which prevails opportunities for them to prove their competence. Also the fact that women are supposed to serve their families and fully dedicate their lives to family responsibilities has inc reased the campaigns against the incorporation of women in the combat unit especially in countries where Muslim as a religion is prevalent.Therefore, women try to perform dual duties of establishing their responsibilities in the military forces and at home as mothers, in an attempt of proving to the society and men in the military of their capabilities in addressing the cardinal responsibilities to earn the same treatment and respect accorded to man (Mitchell 256). The society has depicted two different stereotypes in the human race where men are portrayed as more analytical than women thus performs their duties better than women.In the event women in the military have to emanate more effort so as to be accorded the same treatment as men and allowed to engage in tasks that men are involved in, for instance submarine and aviation activities. Therefore, women have to maximize on their liberation from administrative and cultural constraints to portray their independence and unshakable status to discern this allegations and prove their abilities to work under pressure depicting analytical skills (Hogg para. 3-6).Current Status of Women in the US Military. In the past women were banned from participate into ground combat activities as they did not fulfill the criteria set in the physical test standards. Currently these standards have been re-evaluated and changed to allow more women to perform combat duties as men because of the high demand for military troops to perpetuate peace in Iraq and Afghanistan. In the event women have been allowed to perform their civic responsibilities however, women are still demanding equal civic promotions and acknowledgment. This initiative has still not been fully approved even though implementation steps have taken place.Critics of this get argue that this provision will disrupt the cohesion of men while on duty thereby decreasing their performance and concentration. Also, more women are being recruited into military camps and marine forces. Furthermore, the women are now being trained to defend themselves against sexual harassment and discrimination to avert the inhuman vices that surround them (Manning 7-12). Conclusion The society, government, ethicists and critics should aim at stipulating legislations that support military women to enable them to develop their careers by availing the same treatment accorded to men and in the event protect their rights.Therefore, military women should volunteer to section their experiences both the hard times and jovial moments to enable effective publication of the social injustices they undergo and thus perpetuate the eradication of gender discrepancies in the military, thereby allowing more female youths with the desire of perpetuating their civic responsibility as military agents to do so with ease and pleasure. Word Count 1413 Annotated Bibliography Adeboyejo, Betsy. Women in the Military Face Increasing Opportunity and Risk. Crisis (15591573). 110. 3 (2003) 7- 15.Adeboyejo outlines the increased opportunities for recruiting women in the military as they are can now engage in Marine Corps and aviation unit activities. However, the author stipulates the risks that women have to face while in the military and sends an outcry to the relevant authority challenging them to re-evaluate their policies and improve the working environment for women. Baker, Anni. sustenance in the U. S. Armed Forces (not) Just Another Job. Westport, Connecticut Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008. The author gives the history of women in the military and the development the career has undergone.She further elaborates the duties of both women and men in the military outlining the dedication they put to protect the residents of their countries. Furthermore, she explains that they need to be highly regarded and respected for the work they do is cannot be compensated. Anni also encourages the youths to consider military as their career prospectus because it will give them a chance to fulfill their civic duty and thus reduce the crime rate in the society. Creveld, Van. Armed But Not Dangerous Women in the Israeli Military. War in History. 7. 1 (2000) 82-98.The author explains the hardships that women in the military face. He further liberates the practice of women always being armed because he describes it as a mechanism for protecting themselves from unethical behaviors that deny them their rights. Hogg, Jennifer. Military Women Ready to Rock the gravy boat 18th, July, 2008. Womens Media Center. 22nd, May, 2008. http//www. womensmediacenter. com/ex/071808. html. Jennifer Hogg an author in the Womens Media Center published this document with the aim of outlining issues that curb the development of women.She discusses the role the society, government and traditional practices plays in advocating for gender inequality. She uses the military career for women as an example and elaborates what these women face while trying to prove their self worth. Ma nning, Lory. Military Women. Womens Review of Books. 21. 5 (2004) 7-12. The author studies the life of women who examine military as their career. The conditions and attitudes that the women in the military display are well elaborated in the journal.The author also mentions the struggle that the women have done to improve the condition of their career which has had a positive impact on the perception of the society and government bodies. Mitchell, Brian. Women in the Military Flirting with Disaster. Washington, DC Regnery Publishing, 1998. The author explains the grade of conditions women in the military undergo describing the career as a disaster. He outlines the hardships women have to dwell with everyday and the extent the mechanisms they have adopted to be able to shun the paradigm of gender discrepancy. Onesto, Li. Reality for Women in the U. S. Military Rape in Uniform. 8th, December, 1996. Revolutionary Worker 886. 22nd, May, 2009. http//rwor. org. Onesto, Li a revolutiona ry worker wrote this share with the aim of uncovering the sexual harassment, molestation and abuse women in the military face. She explains that when she was on duty the things she saw were horrific as women would get gang looted and not report the incident for fear of her life. Onesto says that those incidents broke her heart thus decided to air out the grievances that women in the military face in an attempt of attracting the attention of the relevant authority.Silva, Jennifer. A New Generation of Women? How Female ROTC Cadets Negotiate the Tension between Masculine Military Culture and Traditional Femininity. The University of North Carolina wish 87. 2 (2008) 937-960. The author conducted interviews on, military women and men in the Reserve Officers Training Corps to learn how women surpass the allegation aired out because of going against traditional practices and indulging themselves in masculine activities.

Changes Kennedy brought to American Foreign Policy

Eisenhower believed that there could not be a military solution to Cold War problems and that America could to shape the worlds destiny. He accepted limitations on Americas role. Kennedy did not. The changes he brought to American Foreign Policy were active and bold. This contrasted Eisenhower passive and cautious approach. Kennedy sought to restore the prestige and primacy of the presidency. His recurring theme was l think it is season for America to start moving again, and his actions sought to reveal a dynamic militancy.He set to dramatically increase American strength including increasing the demurral bud survive ($40 bill to $56 b), and arms production (missile launchers, long range bombers, submarines, and CUBISM). This ignited the greatest arms race in the invoice of mankind. In hindsight we can now see that the more missiles America built, the less secure the country was. However, his changes extended far beyond nuclear delivery weapons. Kennedy cherished to Increase Amer icas conventional war capableness and guerrilla warfare forces. Unlike Eisenhower, he wanted the ability to intervene eachwhere this new strategy was called compromising response. The Third World provided the key to Kennedys new American Frontiers. He wanted to be able to respond to Communist aggression at any level and set out to build a interdependency force that could stamp out revolutions in Third World countries. The force came to be called the putting green Berets, and its sustain was to apply American techniques and know-how in guerrilla warfare situations to solve the problems of national liberation.Its greatest appeal was that It avoided direct confrontation with the Soviet Union. Vietnam was an Ideal battleground for the Green Berets. The US Increased economic and military aid In sulphur Vietnam. However under the SEATS Treaty the US was not able to get involved in a civil war. Kennedy was not willing to and opposition to the government came from within. He carted the removal of forces through a coup of a South Viet leader that was not effective enough. Americas active role in Vietnam was a culmination of the policy of containment rather than a military- industrial complex conspiracy.Kennedy also initiated the conjunction for Progress program. It was a significant aid program to Latin American countries, many of which were at the stage of authoritarian military dictatorships. These were the kind of friendships that the joined States essay to foster. Kennedys commitment to be part of the new frontier was to combat third world liberation efforts. The USA wanted to ensure that there would be a degree of social and economic development. Through aid and investment, he believed that the Latin American countries would benefit.However, the Alliance was a failure primarily because there was significant underdevelopment and those who controlled the land, were the ones that benefited from such(prenominal) aid. Unlike Eisenhower, Kennedy initially believed that there was room for peaceful coexistence between the free capitalist world and communism. He attempted to compromise with the Soviet Union scarcely when faced with aggression within Berlin, he returned to containment policies. Berlin was a problem for Kennedy. As a result of his foreign policy decisions, what had occurred was the emergence of a divided metropolis by war.The Soviet building of the Wall and the eventual Western acceptance of it signified something about Kennedys diplomacy. It indicated that the Germans did not want liberty and demonstrated that the intentions of the Soviet to relate the West out of Berlin were firm. However, failure to do so lead his search for opportunity elsewhere. He found it Cuba. The issue of Cuba was something of a bear trap by departing Eisenhower. The United States had significant investments in Cuba. But it had undergone a revolution that was led effectively by Fidel Castro, who began to nationalism American properties.The American res ponse under Eisenhower was to assure effective covert actions to sabotage Castro. The United States was determined to oust the Castro regime by training, organizing and equipping Cuban exiles in Guatemala and exporting them to the Bay of Pigs. This was an absolute catastrophe for the United States because Khrushchev saw this as an opportunity to place nuclear warheads close to the east coast of the United States. This crisis represented a direct threat to the United States.Rather than to listen to military advisors or the CIA (as had been done during the Bay of Pigs), Kennedys response was to convene Coxcomb, an executive committee of national security counsel. The Committee initiated a minimalist nautical blockade to prevent the Soviets from sending any further material into Cuba. This quarantine on all offensive military equipment then allowed Kennedy to warn the Soviet that any missile launched from Cuba would require a retaliatory response. Through meetings with Soviet officia l, a deal was made to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba. This was a satisfactory ending

What I Have Learned in Introduction to Psychology

In Introduction to psychology we touched briefly on a locoweed of the components of psychology. It is an introduction class, so it does non go deeply into any one category, instead just skims most of them. I learned what qualifies psychology as a science, the soul and how it is important in the science of psychology. I learned ab bring out sensation and perception and then did a project on how psychoactive drugs alter them. We talked in depth roughly learning, classical conditioning specifically, and cover operant conditioning quite thoroughly as well.Freud was discussed quite often, since he is seen as the fo beneath of psychology. The psychodynamic theories on development, temper, and psychological disorders as well as other theories be some of the subjects I will be going into depth in this paper. What is Psychology? The textbook describes psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental touch ones (Ciccarelli & White, p. 4, 2009). In class, the definition of psy chology we used is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organisms physical state, mental state, and external state (K.Hoecker, class lecture, 2010).The 4 goals of psychology are to describe, pull in, predict, and modify why behavior is happening (Ciccarelli & White, p. 5, 2009). Psychology is a social science, focused on the individual, which is plug ind to sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics (K. Hoecker, class lecture, 2010). What Are the Models of Psychiatry? there are seven models of psychiatry mentioned in the textbook psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biopsychological, and evolutionary (Ciccarelli & White, p. 13-16, 2009).In class we also discussed the feminist perspective (K. Hoecker, class lecture, 2009). The original psychoanalytical theory was based on Freud and he believed that grammatical gender and sexual motivations were git a someones behavior. Modern psychodyna mic theory focuses on childhood experiences and unconscious thoughts in relationship to a persons behavior (Ciccarelli & White, p. 13, 2009). The behavioral perspective is the paper that peoples actions and behaviors are based on what they have learned. Watson and Skinner were both important people in the behaviorist field (Ciccarelli & White, p. 14, 2009).Humanistic come on to psychology is a newer approach than the other two and the most famous founders of the approach are Carl Rogers, and Abraham Maslow. The humanistic approach emphasizes free will and human potential to change. Gestalt started the cognitive perspective on psychology with his studies of thought. Cognitive perspective with its focus on memory, intelligence, perception, thought processes, problem solving, linguistic communication and learning has become a major force in psychology (Ciccarelli & White, p. 15, 2009). Sociocultural psychology tries to explain the context of behavior and how it is influenced by soci ety (Ciccarelli & White, p. 5, 2009). The idea that behavior is caused by genetics, hormones, and body chemistry is biopsychiatry.Biopsychiatry is becoming an extremely important field, because of the possibility now to find mental illnesses with thinker scans. (Ciccarelli & White, p. 16, 2009). Darwin is the most famous evolutionary psychiatrist. Evolutionary psychiatry is the study of the evolutionary basis of human behavior (Ciccarelli & White, p. 16, 2009). The uttermost psychiatric theory is not mentioned in the text book except it is the feminist theory. The feminist theory explores gender lineaments, and gender bias (K.Hoecker, class lecture, 2010).It is important to hit the hay about the distinct perspectives on psychiatry because they have different tenets and treatment models. If a person is planning on going into the psychiatric field they would need to accredit the different types of psychiatry and which one meets their personality and belief schema. What Does t he Brain Have to do With Psychiatry? The capitulum is where thought processes happen and has al moods held mystery. Scientists are discovering new things all the time. We now know that 10% of the brain is made up of neurons, and the remaining 90% is made up of glial cells.Glial cells hold things in place, insulate the paths for electrical currents, provide the neurons with nutrients and clean up the dead neurons (K. Hoecker, class lecture, 2010). Neurons are made up of different parts. The soma is the body of the cell dendrites branch off the soma and receive messages. Axons are tubes that express messages to other cells the axon is covered by myelin to help insulate the axon and speed up the messages. The synaptic knobs, also known as the axon terminals, store the neurotransmitters that carry the messages (Ciccarelli & White, p. 49, 50, 2009).The left side of the brain deals with the right half of the body, language, math, logic, analysis and reading. The right hemisphere of the brain handles the left half of the body, nonverbal communication, visual-spatial perception, music, art, emotions, recognition, process, pattern, and facial recognition (Ciccarelli & White, p. 78, 2009). The cerebellum is located in the back lower part of the brain. It controls balance, muscle coordination, learned reflexes, and habits (Ciccarelli & White, p. 69, 2009). The Cerebral cortex is the outer covering of the brain. It controls complex thoughts (Ciccarelli & White, p. 68, 2009).There are four lobes to the cerebral cortex. The frontal lobe is located in the front of the brain and controls planning, personality, memory, decision making, and language. The parietal lobes are in the top and back of the brain. The parietal lobes process information from the skin and help to recognize where your body is in relation to things. The occipital lobe is in the rear of the brain and identifies information from the eyes (Ciccarelli & White, p. 73, 2009). In the text, neurologist, Oliver S achs patient that had a tumor in his occipital lobe could see things and describe them, precisely could not identify them. Sacks once gave him a rose to look at. The man morose it around and around and began to describe it as a red inflorescence of some type with a green tubular projection. Only when he held it under his nose (stimulating the sense of smell) did he recognize it as a rose (Sachs, 1990 as cited in Ciccarelli & White, p. 73, 2009).The temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex are located behind the temples. They contain the auditory and auditory association areas (Ciccarelli & White, p. 74, 2009). Sensation and Perception Sensation is the activation of receptors in sense organs i. . eyes, ears, skin, nose, taste buds (K. Hoecker, class lecture, 2010). Perception is the way in which the brain interprets the information and forms it into logical functions (Ciccarelli & White, p. 116, 2009). The process of changing sensation to perception is called transduction (Ciccarelli & White, p. 92, 2009). I found habituation and sensory adaptation to be interesting. colony is the ability to tune information out from the ears. You still are hearing the noise, just not paying attention to it (Ciccarelli & White, p. 94, 2009).Sensory adaptation is blocking out the smell, sight, touch or taste after(prenominal) no changing stimuli. Sensory adaptation is different than habituation because the senses themselves become familiar with the stimuli and no longer aim signals to the brain instead of the brain not paying attention to the signals (Ciccarelli & White, p. 94, 2009). Psychoactive Drugs Psychoactive drugs produce altered states of consciousness. They alter sensation, perception and memory. There are four types of psychoactive drugs stimulants, depressants, narcotics, and hallucinogens (Ciccarelli & White, p. 158, 2009).Stimulants the sympathetic and or the central nervous system to increase in their levels of functioning (Ciccarelli & White, p. 158, 2009). De pressants slow the central nervous system down the most known and used depressant is alcohol. Narcotics are all opium based and suppress the sensation of pain. They bind to endorphins and cause the body to release more (Ciccarelli & White, p. 164, 2009). Hallucinogens cause the brain to change the way it reads information, they can cause the brain to read sights as smells, colors have sound, and sounds have smells, and so on (Ciccarelli & White, p. 65, 2009). Classical Conditioning The brain is needed in order to learn, act, and live. Classical conditioning is a type of learning that was started by a Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov identified elements that had to be experienced repeatedly and in an order for classical conditioning to happen (Ciccarelli & White, p. 179, 2009). The naturally occurring input is called the unconditional stimulus. The unlearned chemical reaction to the un learned stimulus is the unconditioned response.A stimulus that has no effect on the unco nditioned response is called the neutral stimulus. The neutral stimulus is eventually turned into the conditioned stimulus if it is presented often and on a strict pattern. Once the unconditioned response begins to happen when the conditioned stimulus is presented, it is then the conditioned response (Ciccarelli & White, p. 181, 2009).Extinction is the losing and eventual absence of the conditioned response to the conditioned stimulus if it is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus (Ciccarelli & White, p. 82, 2009), Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of the conditioned response for a short while when the original conditioned response appears (Ciccarelli & White, p. 182, 2009). Higher order conditioning is getting response to other stimuli based on the original conditioned stimuli. In the textbook they theorize about what would happen if after Pavlov succeeded in getting the dogs to salivate at the bell ring, what would happen if he snapped his fingers right be fore he ran the bell (Ciccarelli & White, p. 183, 2009)? The theory is that after enough propagation the dogs would salivate at the finger snap.Why is Learning Important? There are five types of learning classical conditioning, operant conditioning, notification/vicarious learning, latent learning, and insight learning. Besides being able to set up experiments to test the types of learning, why is it important to know about the ways cosmos and animals learn? It is important to know how you learn best, why people are doing certain things, and what works to teach animals and children how to do things. For instance children learn a lot of their actions through observational learning (Ciccarelli & Whit, p. 209, 2009).Children learned how to act towards a doll based on how others treated the doll, in an experiment (Bandura, et al. , 1961 as cited in Ciccarelli & White, p. 209, 210, 2009). information Human development is the scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age, from conception until death (Ciccarelli & White, p. 310, 2009), Personality, cognition, biological development, and social connections are all considered to be part of developing (Ciccarelli & White, p. 317, 2009). There are four argued theories nature versus nurture, continuity versus stages, stability versus change, individual versus universal (K.Hoecker, class lecture, 2010). Continuity versus stages was the most interesting feeling of development to me. I believe that people change throughout their lives but I dont necessarily believe that a stage necessitate to be completed 100% in order to successfully reach maturity. Piagets stages of cognitive development include four stages that a person moldiness complete in order to be at their highest potential. From birth until 2 years old a child is considered to be in the sensorimotor stage. In the sensorimotor stage a child uses their senses and motor skills to explore and learn about the world.By the end of the sensorimotor stage the child will interpret that when a person or object disappears it still exists (Ciccarelli & White, p. 326, 2009). From ages 2 until 7 a child is said to be in the preoperational stage, in which they can learn questions about their environment and do not have to rely on their senses alone. They are only able to focus on one object at a time and cannot understand that by changing the appearance of something it does not mean that the thing itself has changed (Ciccarelli & White, p. 327, 2009). The third stage of Piagnets stages is the concrete operations stage.During the concrete operations stage, age 7 to 12, a child can think logically but is lacking in the ability to understand abstract ideas (Ciccarelli & White, p. 328, 2009). The last of Piagnets stages is the formal operations stage. The formal operations stage is generally from the age of 12 onward. During this last stage a person is able to understand abstract thoughts and can have hypothetical thinking (Ciccarelli & White, p. 328, 2009). Personality Personality is how a person acts, think, feels, and presents themselves, it is a constant and originates within the individual (K.Hoecker, class lecture, 2010). There are four goals of personality theorists figure out the components of identify, find out the structure of personality, and find out how people are motivated and the dynamics of personality, and how personality varies from person to person. Psychodynamic Theory of Personality Sigmund Freud split a persons personality into three main components, the Id, the ego, and the superego. They are explained as, Id If it feels good, do it (Ciccarelli & White, p. 520, 2009,Ego The executive manager (Ciccarelli & White, p. 20, 2009), and the Superego The moral watchdog (Ciccarelli & White, p. 521, 2009). Freud theorized that we develop in stages, which he called psychosexual stages. The first stage is the oral stage, the main focus is oral pleasure and if a person has difficulty in this stage are e ffected by problems with ability to form interpersonal attachments, basic feelings about the world, tendency to use oral forms of aggression, such(prenominal) as sarcasm, optimism or pessimism, tendency to take charge or be passive (Ciccarelli & White, p. 525, 2009). The second stage is the anal stage.The anal stage is focused on bowel and bladder control. The third stage is the phallic stage is focused on the genitals and is when a child identifies themselves physically with the same sex parent (Ciccarelli & White, p. 525, 2009). From age 6 years to puberty is called the latency stage because not much is going on psychosexually. From puberty to death is the genital stage in which people focus on sexual behavior. I dont agree with Freud on his theory of personality. To me it seems like he watched people develop and wrote a list based on what he saw in order to explain a difficult adulthood.I know from experience that if you turn posterior training into a power struggle it makes fo r a hellish experience but I dont think it is going to affect a child later on in their adulthood. Why Is This Important? I knew people learned in different ways but I didnt know that there are five different learning types and in those types, different styles. I am the mother of a young child and since we covered Chapter 5 (Ciccarelli & White, 2009), I have found myself looking back on the chapter in order to trick my daughter into learning new things.She now makes her backside every day because she modeled my action, and that same behavior worked towards putting dishes in the sink after dinner and picking up messes. I use to consume and then tell her to do something many times and get frustrated that it wasnt getting done, now that I model the behavior when I know she is watching she is doing everything I had asked of her before without the power struggle. Knowing the different models of psychiatry is important to me and will be used in my life after I get my degree.I am in the behavioral health and human services program and am planning on being a license alcohol and drug ounselor soon. I will have to choose what theorist I most agree with and what style to work with when dealing with patients. I know that I will be working with an agency and will have to follow their guidelines but I will still need to understand the theory behind the practice. Global Citizenship Different cultures experience the same thing in different ways. In some cultures someone with schizophrenia may be looked on as having special powers in our culture they are viewed as sick. Cultures also have different psychiatric disorders, based on their own belief systems and structure.In America is not common that a person will fear their genitals are going to shrink or fall off but in China they have a disease name for it, Koro (Ciccarelli % White, p . 559, 2009). People act differently according to where they were raised, what they were taught and what resources available to them. I have an but different way of thinking and feeling about some things then even my sisters do, because they were raised with their father in a house while I grew up with my mother in a family shelter for a lot of my childhood.I am able to deal with some things better than them and other times I get panic stricken at things that dont affect them. Even though we grew up in the same country, the same state, we grew up in different economic levels and with different parents. Being raised in a different location, region, time, economic class, culture in general makes it difficult to relate to other people. If the people have different experience they may not be able to understand where a persons belief system is based and may not be able to validate that persons beliefs.As discussed in the textbook people identify themselves. The social identity theory describes how a person develops an identity inside a group. Social categorization is how a person identifies them and where they place themsel ves into the group to help determine the role they should play (Ciccarelli & White, p. 495, 2009). Identification is how the person sees themselves in the group, and social comparison is when a person compares themselves to others in order to feel better about their role (Ciccarelli & White, p. 495, 2009).

Differences Between Inquiry and Investigation Essay

According to sec-4(k) of CrPC,1898-Inquiry includes every interrogation other than a trial conducted chthonian this Code by a Magistrate or romance. Section 159 of the Code empowers a Magistrate on receipt of a police report under Section 157, Cr.P.C. to yield a preliminary inquiry in order to ascertain whether an offence has been committed and, if so, whether both persons should be put upon their trial. In cases triable by the court of sessions and proceedings take place before a Magistrate, which are in the nature of an inquiry preparatory to sending the accuse to take his trial before the Court of Session the Magistrate in such cases is bound either to discharge the accused or commit him for trial, but he has no power to declare an accused either guilty or innocent of the offence with which he is charged. An inquiry is also done by a Magistrate in cases triable by himself under S. 202 of the Code.On a complaint being filed before a Magistrate, he examines the complainant a nd the witnesses on oath in order to find out whether there is any matter which calls for investigation by a criminal court. The Magistrate may not act on the complaint and dismiss it if he distrusts the statements of the complainant and the witnesses and the result of the inquiry does not establish sufficient ground for proceeding. All these proceedings are in the nature of inquiry. investigatingAccording to sec-4(i) of CrPC,1898- Investigation includes all the proceedings under this Code for the Collection of evidence conducted by a police-officer or by any person other than a Magistrate who is authorised by Magistrate in this behalf Investigation consists of steps taken by a police officer other than a Magistrate to ascertain whether any offence has been committed at all and, if so, by whom and what is the evidence on which the prosecution can be based. Investigation can also be made by a person specially accepted by a Magistrate to do so. The case is only started if investigat ion by the police reveals that an offence has been committed by the accused, otherwise not.Differences between inquiry and investigation Provsion Inquiry Investigation According to sec-4(k) of CrPC,1898-Inquiry According to sec-4(i) of CrPC,1898- includes every inquiry other than a trial Investigation includes all the proceedings conducted under this Code by a Magistrate or Court. under this Code for the Collection of evidence conducted by a police officer or any person authorized by a magistrate.